[73] President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called relations "firm and progressive" over the past three decades. [70] Fidel Castro had said that "The maturity of India, its unconditional adherence to the principles which lay at the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement give us the assurances that under the wise leadership of Indira Gandhi (the former Prime Minister of India), the non-aligned countries will continue advancing in their inalienable role as a bastion for peace, national independence and development" Cuba blasts US govt for granting asylum to pilot of stolen plane. To celebrate ties between the Caribbean Community and Cuba in 2002 the Heads of Government of Cuba and CARICOM have designated the day of December 8 to be called 'CARICOM-Cuba Day'. Although the relationship between Cuba and Mexico remains strained, each side appears to make attempts to improve it. The invasion was sponsored by group rebel Brigade 2506. [79] Margalit Bejarano posed in 2015 that any future relationship between Israel and Cuba will not solely rest on the course that will take Havana-Washington ties, but will also factor in Cuba's dependence on Iran, on Venezuela and its closeness to the Palestinians. In April 1961, following air attacks preparing for the Bay of Pigs Invasion by CIA-trained Cuban exiles, prime minister Fidel Castro declared Cuba to be a socialist republic, and moved quickly to develop the growing relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union. The Syrian conflict has evolved in three spheres: local, regional and international. My questions are: However, Barack Obama has called for an end to the embargo, saying that it failed to get Cuba to abandon one-party rule. US Middle-level Adversaries : 1) Cuba, because of its independent foreign policies and its alternative socio-economic system stands in contrast to the US-centered neo-liberal regimes in the Caribbean, Central and South America. On 29 November 1947, Cuba voted against the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, the Cuban delegation stating they would vote against partition because they could not be party to coercing the majority in Palestine. In March 2008 ambassador Gustavo Machin Gomez met Gen. Tariq Majid, the Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) at Joint Staff Headquarters and discussed issues related to military cooperation. Every historical era has its share of larger-than-life leaders, and the Cold War was no exception, beginning with the "Big Three"Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalinwho led the the United States, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, respectively, through World War II and into the Cold War. After two months on their own, Moscow aided the Cuban mission with the USSR engaging in a massive airlift of Cuban forces into Angola. Both countries established diplomatic relations. [85] Cuba maintains an embassy in Pyongyang and North Korea maintains an embassy in Havana. In response, the U.S. stopped buying Cuban sugar and refused to supply its former trading partner with much needed oil. Enemies and Allies will take readers behind closed doors in the Middle East and introduce them to the very kings and crown princes, presidents and prime ministers who are leading the change. [123] The Solomons' Minister of Foreign Affairs Patterson Oti said that Solomon Islander doctors would "learn from their Cuban colleagues in specialized areas". Both nations are part of the Non-Aligned Movement and Cuba has repeatedly called for a more "democratic" representation of the United Nations Security Council, supporting India's candidacy for permanent membership on a reformed Security Council. [136][137], In 2017 Cuba and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) bloc signed the "CARICOM-Cuba Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement"[138]. The administration of President Joe Biden has . Cuba is accredited to the United Arab Emirates from its embassy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Agreements between Cuba and Venezuela, the world's No. Castro, instead of becoming a spokesman for the Movement, became inactive, and in 1983, leadership passed to India, which had abstained on the UN vote. In the 1980s Cuba backed both the Sandinistas in Nicaragua and the FMLN in El Salvador, providing military and intelligence training, weapons, guidance, and organizational support. ", "Cuba y Mongolia celebran 60 aos de amistad | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Cuba", "Nepal - Cuba Relations - Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA", "Interview with Honorable Gustavo Machin Gomez Ambassador of Cuba in Pakistan", "Cuba thanks Philippines for support | Manila Bulletin", "Relations between Turkey and the Republic of Cuba", "Cuban leader Raul Castro to visit Vietnam", "European Union EEAS (European External Action Service) | Countries / Territories", "Cuban connection runs deeper than the carnival", General Consulate of The Republic of Cuba in Australia, "Cuba expects US reverses measures taken under the pretext of sonic incidents", "Fiji says Cuban help sought as neighbours turn away", "Pacific Magazine: Six More Cuban Physicians To Serve In Kiribati", "Kiribati discusses medical training with Cuba", "Cuban doctors reduce Kiribati infant mortality rate by 80 percent", "Cuban Literacy Method to Pacific Isle Prensa Latina", "Cuba, Nauru to Strengthen Links Prensa Latina", "Cuban-trained doctors sorely needed in Solomons", "All set for Cuba/Caricom Summit JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM", Caribbean Net News: CARICOM-Cuba Day: 8 December A time for Celebration, Caribbean Net News: Cuba opens more Caribbean embassies, Havana's Operation Miracle helps eye patients see light, TIES THAT BIND: CUBA/CARICOM leaders talk closer cooperation, "CARICOM-Cuba Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement", "Mexico Calls for Cuba's Reinstatement into the", "Fidel Castro: OAS Is an Instrument of the US Prensa Latina", "Declaration of the Revolutionary Government", "AFP: Fidel Castro firmly backs Israel's right to exist: report", "Fidel Castro was a strong supporter of Irish hunger strikers and Bobby Sands", "Cuba doctors popular in quake-stricken Java", Text of U.S.- Cuban agreement on military bases, Fidel Castro's 'Reflection' on U.S. Travel Restrictions, Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR), Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples Trade Treaty (ALBA-TCP), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Cuba&oldid=1134287238, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2017, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with dead external links from March 2012, Articles with dead external links from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Diplomatic relations severed in January 1959. "[142] However, a Declaration of the Revolutionary Government dated 8 June 2009 stated that while Cuba welcomed the Assembly's gesture, in light of the Organization's historical record "Cuba will not return to the OAS".[143]. In that same year the two governments signed multiple economic agreements and Russia sent tons of humanitarian aid to Cuba. India has good diplomatic relationship with Cuba too. [62], Venezuelan president Hugo Chvez was a close ally of Fidel Castro, and described the Fidel CastroHugo ChvezEvo Morales relationship as an "Axis of good". Despite this, the Soviets also kept in close touch with Havana, sharing varying close relations until the collapse of the bloc in 1990. ", Harmer, Tanya. Episode 1. [149] There are currently about 20,000 Cuban doctors working in 68 countries across three continents, including a 135-strong medical team in Java, Indonesia.[150]. As geopolitical dynamics shift, so does the list of countries that are considered to be America's friends or foes. Shortly after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1963, Moscow invited 1,500 DI agents, including Che Guevara, to the KGB's Moscow Center for intensive training in intelligence operations. In 1996 Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy stated: "Canada shares the U.S. objectives of improving human rights standards and moving to more representative government in Cuba. Cuba has an embassy in Mexico City and consulates-general in. According to the Common Position "the objective of the European Union in its relations with Cuba is to encourage a process of transition to a pluralist democracy and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as sustainable recovery and improvement in the living standards of the Cuban people". Che Guevara then a Cuban government minister visited North Korea in 1960 and proclaimed it a model for Cuba to follow. Cuba had social and economic programs in 40 developing countries. "[11] Cuban Soldiers were sent to fight in the Simba rebellion in the DRC during the 1960s. Cuba has supported a number of leftist groups and parties in Latin America and the Caribbean since the 1959 revolution. Cuba supports Serbia in its stance towards Kosovo considering Kosovo's independence an illegitimate act and a violation of international law and principles of the United Nations Charter. "Russia and Cuba: 'doomed' comrades?. Sunday's announcement to list the Iran-backed Houthi movement officially called Ansar Allahas a terrorist group prompted concern at home and abroad over the deteriorating humanitarian situation. There is an EU Delegation in Havana that works under the responsibility of the EC Delegation in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Nelson Mandela is said to have remarked "Cuban internationalists have done so much for African independence, freedom, and justice. The survey, conducted from January 28 to February 1, asked respondents to rate whether a country was an ally or enemy of the United States on a five-point scale: ally, friendly, not sure,. The US has NATO/EU and other South/East/South-East Asian countries as its direct allies either by ideology or by pacts. The Angolan civil war would last until 2002. Educational programs involved 3,500 teachers. Cuba is accredited to Iraq from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. Maduro, in turn provides Cuba with lower priced petroleum. [60] Hugo Chvez described Castro as his mentor[61] and called Cuba "a revolutionary democracy". They created sophisticated tunnels that provided food, ammunition, and medical . The program, one of numerous oil-funded social projects, helped Chvez build a strong political support base, and he won a reelection bid in December 2006. It was opened on 24 October 2008. Hawana: Fidel Castro, the Cuban revolutionary leader who built a communist state on the doorstep of the United States and for five decades defied US efforts to topple him, has died, Cuban. The largest programs were construction projects, in which 8,000 Cubans provided technical advice, planning, and training of engineers. The European Union accuses Cuba of "continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms". For Bolivian Victor, A Powerful Mandate; Populist Faces Practical Constraints. [9] Despite this Fidel Castro became an influential figurehead for leftist groups in the region, extending support to Marxist Revolutionary movements throughout Latin America, most notably aiding the Sandinistas in overthrowing Somoza in Nicaragua in 1979. Erisman, H. Michael, and John M. Kirk, eds. The EAEU is a political and economic union first proposed by Putin in 2011 and signed into being by initial member states Belarus and Kazakhstan alongside Russia. [51], Mexican President Vicente Fox apologized to Fidel Castro in 2002 over statements by Castro, who had taped their telephone conversation, to the effect that Fox forced him to leave a United Nations summit in Mexico so that he would not be in the presence of President Bush, who also attended. Supplied by the communist governments of China and the Soviet Union, their forces knew the terrain. List Of U.s. Indeed, Fiji's ambassador to the United Nations, Berenado Vunibobo, has stated that his country may seek closer relations with Cuba, and in particular medical assistance, following a decline in Fiji's relations with New Zealand.[111]. Iran syria iraq libya somalia pakistan russia north korea palestine afghanistan Fox pointe apartments east moline. Equatorial Guinea has an embassy in Havana. See also Margalit Bejarano, La Comunidad Hebrea de Cuba: La memoria y la historia, (Jerusalem: Abraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Judaism, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1996), Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, "continuing flagrant violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms", Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, CubaSahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations, process to normalize diplomatic relations between the two countries, United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC), The Honorary Order of the Caribbean Community, Cuban relations with the Organization of American States, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Organization of Solidarity with the People of Asia, Africa and Latin America, "The requested document does not exist. On 6 May 2005, President Fidel Castro reiterated that the island nation would not "be part of a disgraceful institution that has only humiliated the honor of Latin American nations". The outcome of Cuban withdrawal and the peace accords resulted in the MPLA changing from a MarxistLeninist party to a Multi-Party Democratic system based on free market principles (the MPLA also dropped the "PT" extension to their name as a clear sign of dropping their Communist aspirations). Frank Herbert Today's opponents can be your allies tomorrow. ", Prez-Stable, Marifeli. [131] The day is the exact date of the formal opening of diplomatic relations between the first CARICOM-four and Cuba. [75] During his brief stay in Cuba, Ahmadinejad met with Fidel Castro and said that the two countries were "fighting on the same front."[76]. Cuban cooperation with the Caribbean was extended by a joint health programme between Cuba and Venezuela named Operacin Milagro, set up in 2004. Then have a look at the following books: Resolution VI, [] which excluded the Government of Cuba from its participation in the Inter-American system, hereby ceases to have effect. In 1998 Trinidadian and Tobagonian Prime Minister Patrick Manning had a heart valve replacement surgery in Cuba and returned in 2004 to have a pacemaker implanted. [56] In March 2009, the governments of Costa Rica and El Salvador announced that they plan on re-establishing full diplomatic relations with Cuba.[57]. The resolution stated that as Cuba had officially identified itself as a MarxistLeninist government, it was incompatible with "the principles and objectives of the inter-American system. FROM RUSSIA, WITH LOVE Russians see Belarus as their friendliest ally and consider the United States the most hostile, according to a recent poll of Russian residents conducted by the Levada Center, Russia's most respected independent pollster. [66], As the economy of the Soviet Union fell into a decline which ultimately led to its collapse in 1991, the People's Republic of China has emerged as a new key partner for Cuba's foreign relations and the guardian of socialist countries around the world. Cuba is also the small nation that in the past sent its troops to die in faraway lands in Latin America and even Africa fighting for the poor. Wiki User 2011-03-11 22:43:54 This answer is: Study. Australia and Cuba have a growing relationship on positive terms. The 1976 world conference of the non-aligned Movement applauded Cuban internationalism, stating that it "assisted the people of Angola in frustrating the expansionist and colonialist strategy of South Africa's racist regime and its allies." Relations between the two nations are currently at a post-Soviet high, and talks about potentially re-establishing a Russian military presence in Cuba are even beginning to surface. Episode 1 commemorates the centennial of King Tut's tomb opening by exploring the mysteries of his life and burial. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the communist governments of Central and Eastern Europe, Cuba was bereft of international allies. Cuba benefits from the GPS (Generalized Preference System) preferential treatment for its exports. It is a list of nations with which the United States is thought to have a solid and close relationship and a few adversaries. Cuba today works with a growing bloc of Latin American politicians opposed to the "Washington consensus", the American-led doctrine that free trade, open markets, and privatization will lift poor third world countries out of economic stagnation. [135] During the summit the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) bestowed Fidel Castro with the highest honour of CARICOM, The Honorary Order of the Caribbean Community which is presented in exceptional circumstances to those who have offered their services in an outstanding way and have made significant contributions to the region. He also said that both countries should use their capacity for expanding military cooperation. The Republic of Nicaragua is a relatively small country in Central America. The Soviet Union saw the new revolutionary government in Cuba as an excellent proxy agent in areas of the world where Soviet involvement was not popular on a local level. Friday, march 04, 2022 at 12:46 pm by eunice njoki. [1] Cuba has developed a growing relationship with the People's Republic of China and Russia. The sources of anti-ESG funding. "Year after year, Congress throws billions of dollars at our enemies and their allies, instead of focusing on America's allies and our interests," Haley . [145], In the 1960s and 1970s, Cuba openly supported the black nationalist and Marxist-oriented Black Panther Party of the U.S. [147], The Irish Republican political party, Sinn Fin has political links to the Cuban government. El Salvador is also the very last Latin American nation to resume diplomatic relations with Cuba.[48]. The United States of America (USA) The US may ostensibly be India's best foreign policy partner. In 2013 a North Korean cargo ship seized while travelling through the Panama Canal and was found to be carrying weapons from Cuba, apparently to be repaired in North Korea. [106] However, Cuba has official diplomatic relations with Nauru since 2002[107] and the Solomon Islands since 2003,[108] and maintains relations with other Pacific countries by providing aid. Castro was able to build a formidable military force with the help of Soviet equipment and military advisors. Enemies: Mauritania The North African country declared war on Israel following the 1967 Six-Day Warwhere Israeli forces routed an Egypt-Jordan-Syria coalitionbut the move was seen as a symbolic. Both Cuban and South African forces withdrew in the late 1980s and Namibia was granted independence. It is the island with iconic leaders like Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, and the Latin American country that in the language of revolutionaries everywhere embodies the struggle of socialist humanism against the materialism of capitalist societies. Nikolai Leninov, the KGB Chief in Mexico City, was one of the first Soviet officials to recognize Fidel Castro's potential as a revolutionary and urged the Soviet Union to strengthen ties with the new Cuban leader. Even if the government is unpopular, significant pain and mortalities that drag on for years will invariably turn some of the citizenry against the United States. For more . In reaction to Putin's war of aggression against Ukraine, the US, including its partner nations, inflicts harsh and rapid financial consequences on Russia. Fidel Castro called Israel practices "Zionist Fascism." The summit failed to take place due to the actions of the U.S of spying their Cold War enemies. Top 10 US Enemies were: North Korea Iran Syria Iraq Afghanistan Russia Libya Somalia Pakistan Palestine While many of the enemies are the ones you'd expect, only 11% of Americans consider China their enemy and just 9% consider Cuba their enemy. [144], Cuba became a staunch ally of the USSR during the Cold War, modeling its political structure after that of the CPSU. [114] Cubans have also offered training to I-Kiribati doctors. [citation needed] Cuba continues to have close relations with the Sandinista National Liberation Front, since being re-elected in 2006 for the first time since 1984, they are again the governing party of Nicaragua. Cuba developed close relations with the 1979 Sandinista government in Nicaragua (having supported the Sandinista insurgency against Anastasio Somoza's rule). . Who are currently the allies and enemies of Cuba? [50] Rather, he said, his words were meant to underscore the cultural dominance of the US. [39][40] In November 2019, Brazil voted for the first time against an annual United Nations resolution condemning and calling for an end to Washingtons economic embargo on Cuba.[41]. Libya Shield 1, a militia close to the Brotherhood. Neville . Majid stressed that Pakistan has formed strong defence infrastructure both in defence production and in shape of military academies to provide help and cooperation to the Military of Cuba. 5 oil exporter, have brought more than 20,000 Cuban doctors to Venezuela to provide medical services for the poor. The North Vietnamese Army and the Vit Cng made a formidable team. In December 2014, US President Barack Obama and Cuban President Ral Castro announced the start of the process to normalize diplomatic relations between the two countries, following 18 months of secret negotiations in Canada and Vatican City. Late King Birendra paid an official visit to Havana in September 1979 to represent Nepal in the 6th NAM summit. Fidel Castro, the Cuban revolutionary leader who built a communist state on the doorstep of the United States and for five decades defied U.S. efforts to topple him, has died, Cuban television. Russia allies and enemies list. The US is imposing crippling costs on Russia. That is why we have been working with other countries to uphold the principles of international law". Cuba gave training, money, medicines, weapons and safe haven to members of Colombian guerrilla movements, especially to the ELN and also to members of the FARC, both of which were founded in the early 1960s. [see below] is a major threat, a minor threat or not a threat to the well being of the United States?". The summit is to look at closer integration of the Caribbean Community and Cuba. Canada-Cuba relations can be traced back to the 18th century, when vessels from the Atlantic provinces of Canada traded codfish and beer for rum and sugar. These six nations are having excellent connections with India at present. Armenia (a long term ally of. The following is a list of countries with which the US has a close connection and some enemies: Top 10 US Allies 2022: Canada UK France Ireland Norway Sweden Italy Germany Australia Israel Top 10 US Enemies 2022: Iran Syria Iraq Libya Somalia Pakistan Russia North Korea Palestine Afghanistan The US is imposing crippling costs on Russia There is a Cuba-Azerbaijan interparliamentary working group acting within the parliament of the Republic of Cuba. Two days after Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia to repress the Prague Spring, Castro took to the airwaves and publicly denounced the Czech rebellion. Holy See has an apostolic nunciature in Havana. Cuba Cuba sharply criticised the US for imposing "the progressive expansion of NATO towards the borders of the Russian Federation" and called for a diplomatic solution to preserve international. Cuba was formerly excluded from participation in the Organization of American States under a decision adopted by the Eighth Meeting of Consultation in Punta del Este, Uruguay, on 21 January 1962. Canada has always maintained consistently cordial relations with Cuba, in spite of considerable pressure from the United States, and the island is also one of the most popular travel destinations for Canadian citizens. Cuba joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1948. The coupe targeted the removal of Fidel Castro. Communist Cuba has long been a major foreign policy challenge for the United States. HAVANA (Reuters) - Cuban authorities have accused the U.S. government of being "complicit in piracy" for granting political asylum . [69], Relations between India and Cuba have generally been warm and cordial since the Cuban revolution. In 1994, a joint venture was formed between the Cuban Nickel Union and the Canadian firm Sherritt International, which operates a mining and processing plant on the island in Moa. Chinese soldiers marching during the Victory Day Parade in Moscow, June 24, 2020. Physiographically, these continental islands are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically. [citation needed], On December 15, 2004, an agreement called the ALBA (Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas) was signed to eliminate tariffs and import duties and promote investment as well as technical and educational cooperation between the two countries. Relations between Cuba and China continue to grow including deals for China to set up a possible military base in Cuba, similar to the Bejucal Base and an agreement was signed between China and Cuba for China open more factories producing local goods such as televisions. The two countries moved to establish relations from the 2000s (decade), and particularly from 2007, within the context of Cuba's growing interest in the Pacific Islands region. Cuban-Namibian relations began during the South African Border War, when Cuba helped establish a number of training camps in Angola for the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), armed wing of the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO). Brazil continued to play its part in trying to revive and upgrade the offshore oil and gas infrastructure of Cuba. Since the meeting, Cuba has opened four additional embassies in the Caribbean Community including: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Suriname, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Ireland is accredited to Cuba from its embassy in Mexico City, Mexico. Cuba is accredited to Chad from its embassy in. It is the small country that confronted the U.S. empire and has survived despite the attempts by all U.S. presidents since to subdue its communist government. [65], A U.S. official told the Miami Herald in 2016 that U.S. estimates of total Venezuelan subsidies to Cuba per year "are up to the $2 billion figure." It is centered in Benghazi, and recently allied with Ansar al-Sharia. The anti-Iranian force, spearheaded by the US, is Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Israel. Speaking of countries that Russia has legally binding agreements of mutual defense with, first and foremost these are members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), an. The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Cuba were established on March 27, 1992. It borders Honduras and Costa Rica and comprises part of the isthmus connecting North and South America. There is a Azerbaijan-Cuba interparliamentary working group acting within the parliament of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Cuba resumed relations with Haiti in 1997 and since has sent thousands of doctors to Haiti since relations were re-established in 1997, performing hundreds of thousands of surgeries, medical consultations and have trained over 1,000 Haitian doctors at its medical schools. They ended abruptly when Cuba sent combat troops to fight in Angola in 1975. Cuba's present foreign minister is Bruno Rodrguez Parrilla. Axis and Allies - The Original Game 1962 Scenario (v1.1) - by Roger Cooper - Situation This Axis & Allies scenario is based upon 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuba and Panama have restored diplomatic ties after breaking them off in 2004 when Panama's former president Mireya Moscoso pardoned four Cubans, including Luis Posada Carriles, who were accused of attempting to assassinate Cuban President Fidel Castro. The organization was set up in 1980 to encourage trade integration association. Relations were stable from 1934 to 1998. Cuba was able to build a large military force with the help of Soviet equipment and military advisers, but as the years passed, Cuba's economy began to decline as a result on mismanagement of the economy and low productivity, which was further aggravated by the U.S. embargo. Relations between the countries deteriorated rapidly. During Angola's civil war, Cuban forces fought to install a MarxistLeninist MPLA-PT government; against Western-backed UNITA and FLNA guerrillas backed by the South African apartheid state. There is a Cuban embassy in Australia. ^These three form the SSS islands that with the ABC islands comprise the Dutch Caribbean, of which *the BES islands are not direct Kingdom constituents but subsumed with the country of the Netherlands.
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